Global issues

Youth are Changemakers of Society

Young people should generate the very best ideas to transform the community and the world, develop a culture of peace, non-violent and work towards a budding information society; where specially youth is not the only leader of tomorrow, but they are current positive changemakers and partners of their community and the world. We have a deadly internal war, and 13,000 of our brothers and sisters depart from us forever within these ten years. Yet, presently, the country is heading towards a peace accord.

Led by a grassroots people’s movement seeking to regain democratic control, Nepal may have finally turned a corner and be on the road to lasting peace. The King has relinquished power, an interim government has been formed, the Maoists have called a cease-fire, and a peace process is seemingly underway. But, in the cycle of conflict, such opportunities to gain peace are very fragile. Moreover, as recent unrest in the Terai region of Nepal demonstrates, many marginalised groups still wish to have their voices heard and demand a more inclusive political representation.

As the peace process moves forward and citizens discuss an inclusive vision of a new Nepal, we should listen and implement civil society agendas. It is essential to listen to the voices and perspectives of youth too. Youth have been heavily affected by ongoing violence and human rights abuses. Children have a vital stake in tackling the root causes of conflict and promoting long-term stability and development.

No shortcut is there to reach peace. It is the most complicated process, and one must cross innumerable bends. Peace does not come itself with the drumbeat sounds on the horizon. It shoots up with sitting the faces of differences together, talking about the issues and searching for the best options for agreement. Peace dialogue is the selection of the best alternatives among the proposed heaps of agendas. So many challenges have to be shouldered. In dealing with the risks, each has to have the patience to open the doors of possibilities. Diplomacy could play a leading role.

We youth must build a vital forum on encouraging, supporting and working in solidarity with young national and international people promoting peaceful alternatives to violence. Today’s youth must necessarily be part of achieving lasting and firm peace and helping shape Nepal’s human rights and peaceful future. And make an excellent example for others. Universally, any group of people will never take weapons to raise their voiceless voices, freedom of expression, institutional democracy and sustainable peace.

In my view, We have an opportunity to create a magnificent new world and have a grave responsibility to take action now. The young people of our world hold the key to the necessary global transformation. It transforms from a Culture of War and Violence into a Culture of Peace – peace for oneself, one’s family and friends, society and the world community. Together we can make it happen or turn our backs and accept the world others create for us – good or bad. Many different national and international forums bring together youth from around the world who are greatly inspired to be the change agents in our world, creating a better world for all. And Together, we can make a difference for ourselves and the next generation.

I felt that negligence, avoidance, and compulsive sacrifice never help solve the problem; instead, understanding others’ needs and concerns, respecting self and others, and listening to unheard voices are the keys to solving any issues. We also learned the importance of networking and why one instrument couldn’t create an orchestra. Networking among youths is critical to know cultural differences and individual perspectives. After perceiving from the perspective of another, we can estimate the cause of various conflicts in every part of the world.

And hence we can initiate peace works right from the local community by respecting individual rights and accepting cultural and ethnic differences for managing and transforming conflicts. The root cause of disputes is insensitivity and disrespect to other cultures, identities and freedoms. And, time and again, suitable from ancient times’ youths have been continuously being exploited and used in violent activities, be it from the Government side or the rebels’ side, be it in the name of religion or the name of identity or be it in the name of nationality or the name of superiority. Now the time has come to support youths in peace works.

Finally, It is also the responsibility of the youths to promote Human Rights practices and work of peace to change the community. Is violence the very nature of youths? Are youths only the weapon for violence? Are youth so aggressive that they only bring destruction, vandalism and disturbances into this world? Can’t they participate in recreational work like saving humanity, restoring peace, and protecting Women’s Rights and Child Rights?

These queries have been the most effective plan in nations like Nepal. Now, the time has ripened, and it’s high time for the youths to prove they also have compassionate hearts that can love humanity and adore their existence. They also have the spirit of saving this beautiful earth and setting an example for every human. And youth power can be the most incredible power to bring humanity together to restore peace and change the community and the world.

By Phadindra

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Obstacles to the development of Nepal

Dec 4, 2020 Shakti

Obstacles to the Development of Nepal

Dr Brian Cobb is an American citizen working as a Nepal emergency and critical care medicine professor. He wrote Obstacles to the Development of Nepal in 2005.

1. What are the fundamental obstacles to the development of Nepal in your view?

Though Nepalese people are intelligent and eager to work to reform a new Nepal due to a lack of effective democratic leadership, they are bound to stay behind. There is an excellent vacuum between people and leaders. In addition, dishonest and corrupt political leaders, unstable government and disunity among people are bound to make Nepal a developing country that needs help to step up.

2. What are the aspects of development for Nepalese, or how is the result possible in your view?

One should never forget Singapore doesn’t build in a single day. It took almost 50 yrs to step into the process of infrastructure development. So Nepalese need to form a new party, including professionals from different fields with progressive visions and new ideas. Unity and support of each community are a must. Nepalese shouldn’t waste their precious time on violence. It’s time to wake up now. A great people like Nelson Mandela should have to born to reform the new Nepal.

3. The Maoist leaders promise to make Nepal a Switzerland; how do you take them and their words?

I don’t believe Maoists, including the seven party’s promises. For them, commitments are made to break. They only use Nepalese people for power, money and fame. The majority of Nepalese don’t support these eight political parties. Despite this, they are forced to show their belief and prevail by putting their fingers in their mouth. One day, the Maoists become simple, and the next, they take out their weapon. They are only political, not developers of Nepal. These eight parties represent only some of the people of Nepal.

4. If you don’t support these eight parties, do you favour monarchy?

There is no question in supporting the king, but corruptions were more minor compared to the Nepali congress government and multiparty government. But the king could have been more successful in showing new directions, implementing new development policies, and solving the armed conflict in great time and opportunity.

5. How do you observe the Terai crisis and its demands?

The crisis in Terai is, of course, in favour of madeshy, tharu, and janajati. If they get what they deserve, they can grab the opportunity. Though their representation is in the parliament again, they are of high caste-like, like Sushil Koirala and so on. Presentation among themselves can bring or can act for their betterment of them. The Terai people are denied equal opportunity; upper-class people are exploiting them. So it should need immediate solutions. Fighting against each other was never fruitful for the new Nepal.

6. Why do people and Jana Sena support Maoist leaders?

The people and Jana Sena support Maoist leaders and their voices because most are young; upper-class people use them. They need to keep their family economically, physically and mentally. So there is no other way to join the armed conflict and walk on the way they are compelled to move and show support.

7. Finally, what do you urge Nepalese people?

Finally, I request Nepalese not to participate in violence; it’s the wrong way. Disputes and problems should be done in the parliament, not on the road because these movements hamper whole societies and systems. Youth constitute the majority of people who try to enhance youth power and form new parties, including intelligent people with high morals, values, norms and expectations, un ethnic and uncorrupt. Corruption is like AID viruses.

At last, your vote should be based on vision, accountability, personal background and record. If you get a negative form, then don’t participate in voting. Your votes provide strength to involve in wrongdoing and let your country go backwards. Please be careful.

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Article Global issues Personal Travel experience

A Trip to Lamjung in Nepal

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

A Trip to Lamjung in Nepal

(First published date: 2006/2007)

“Is there a dog in Medini sir’s house?” We asked a woman in Simpani who was retrieving water from a lake. “Where did you come from? There is a dog in the upper house, but not in that one”, she replied. “Have you come from her mother’s place?” She asked us; she guessed we were relatives of the sister.

After reaching our sister’s house, we found out that she had gone to Kathmandu to our house; but it was too late, so we had to stay there. After dinner, Ashok entertained us with his stories, our cousin and a leader. Then, we fell asleep. Our brother-in-law, a poet, had his books spread out everywhere. Some of his poems were published, and some were ready for publication. We listened to some of his poems from Ashok. In addition, he had some medals and felicitation prizes nailed on the walls of his room.

We also came to know about the environment and situation of that place. Khudi village was naturally a lovely place. To the north were mountains, the Khudi Bazar was on the base near the Marsayangdi River, and a beautiful forest was on the other side of the river. The place was so inviting that a person would enjoy writing poetry while viewing the natural scenery. Since it was on the way to Manang, Bahundanda had some development projects. We left Khudi after our morning meal. On our way to Beshisahar, we saw the Marsyandi River, which divided Lamjung to the east and the west. We walked through a motor road, talking with the potters passing by and finally reached Beshisahar.

After reaching Beshisahar (Headquarters of Lamjung District), we explained our work to Purnachandra’s uncle. His expertise helped the government work to finish quickly. The old Lamjung place of the Shah Dynasty, Manang, Marsyangdi River, the mountains and green hills had been the main attraction to many people.

We left Beshisahar, taking a bus to Bhoteodar. The bus moved through the Shore of the Marsyandi River. The river was large but had caused no harm; instead, it had facilitated the villagers. The Midim River had been a disaster in Bhorletar since it flowed in cultivable land, but the Marsyangdi River had been necessary there. In Bhoteodor, we observed excellent religious tolerance. We spent our night at Basana’s sister’s place. Since we were exhausted, we slept after eating dinner. Early in the morning, we left Bhoteodor.

We soon reached Sundarbazar on a short bus ride. Sundarbazar had been more developed because of many governmental and private offices. The agricultural campus had been the heart of that place. A bus came there to leave for Kathmandu, but we moved ahead, ignoring the call. That modern place had its religion and the occurrence of development in an old way, though it was a current habitat. The plain land had turned barren due to a lack of irrigation. We remembered our great grandfather’s words; “The financial development of Lamjung is impossible until there is an irrigation facility for every plain land”.

The place had a park, playgrounds, a museum, a library and other development projects underway. Our trip was moving ahead beside the Paundi River through a motorway. Since there were no hills but just red soil, the construction of roads was easy. The sun was bright and challenging to walk, so we sat on a stone. The village had facilitated electricity. Since Bhorletar had no electricity, we cursed the lazy people, political leaders and unaware civilians. Our trip had been moving ahead with all this type of conversation.

The people carrying tin plates to Duradanda helped us make our trip easier. We knew a lot about the environment of that place. Though the Karunche River was small, the damage caused by the river during the rainy season was hoarse and could be seen at that time. The names of the places were given after the casts, like Khatre Thanti, Koirala Fahat, etc.

Our trip to Duradanda was cancelled after we learned about the 2-3 hour walk to reach that place. We had planned to spend a night at Bhorletar and return to Kathmandu the following day, but this was in vain. We felt that our trip was incomplete when we could not go to Duradanda, which taught us respect for work and the value of time.

The ancient habitat differed from what we thought but was of historical importance. We took down the names of some of the relatives of our grandfather, but all of them were living in different places. On the Shore of the Paundi River, small shops and houses were famous in Koirala Fahant. After leaving Koirala Fahat, we went to our sister’s house in Dhuseni, where we could see large pieces of land, though there were hills. The place had a good production of paddy in the rainy season.

We finally reached our sister’s house after some hours’ walk. We also feared the dog there, but it was chained. Our sister had forced us to spend the night there, but we had the compulsion to leave. Unfortunately, we had not been able to be at our sister’s place in Duradanda, but thinking of the fun we would have if we had visited her, we went towards our destination of Bhorletar. First, we went through Kunchha, where the court was held earlier; then, we reached Thansing, from which our destiny, Bhorletar, was seen clearly.

We went through many things we had never experienced, like cemeteries, dogs and steep lands. As the law of nature ordered, the river had fallen into the lowlands and became a lake flowing through the plains. These experiences forced us to think we must cope with the environment. Leaving the narrow passage, which gave us the first sight of light to Bhorletar, we moved ahead towards our destiny.

My Lamjung is not poor. The people’s goals and thoughts are poor. However, there were leadership, determination and love for work. We will change if we are disciplined, hard-working, and honest and do not interrupt others’ work. Then change will take place very soon within us. The goal of each plan should be to help the citizens. The culture should be developed in such a way that it will respect the law of the country. Which village of Lamjung is not suitable for tourism? Which town does not have natural beauty?

The villages are rich in agriculture, forest, herbs, water resources, hills, etc. Throughout the trip, one thing that always came to my mind was that if we could use these natural resources, we could make Lamjung rich. I felt that development would take place there because development is a change in people’s thinking and respect for time, which I saw occurring there clearly. Finally, our trip to Lamjung ended with these feelings in our minds.

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Human Rights and Youth Leadership

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Human Rights and Youth Leadership Conference in the USA

(First published date: 2006/2007 )

The UNESCO Chair & Institute of Comparative Human Rights at the University of Connecticut invited 30 young human rights leaders worldwide to participate in an inter-generational educational conference held on August 7 – 13, 2005, at the University of Connecticut in Connecticut, USA.

“It was a great experience because there was a different point of view shared and on the other hand, it was quite difficult for us since they had different styles with work and organising presentations different from mine. One of the things that fascinated me was how they organised the presentations. Most of the presenters were experienced academic people who allowed us to go deep into the information they shared. Nevertheless, we as participants needed to make a great effort because the schedule was very intensive, and we had to be ready at 8 am and most of the days finished at 10 pm.”

This phrase is not only Ms Aida Pena Celis’s expression after attending the conference but also represents all participants’ views. I have picked up this expression from the email list of the UNESCO chair. In this project, young people engaged through dialogue with experienced and older human rights practitioners to gain management skills and techniques and a greater understanding of human rights issues on a global level. The principal objective was to nurture individuals to be influential leaders in human rights.

The conference sought to promote sharing of experiences and understanding, provide an impulsion for the empowerment of youth leaders, and enable them to play a crucial and constructive role in developing human rights in their communities. The conference provided tools and a platform for open debates about policies, programs, activities and processes necessary for promoting human rights leadership. In addition, conference facilitators served in an ongoing capacity as mentors to the young conference participants upon their return to their home countries.

On 1st August 2005, I was at JFK Airport in New York. On 7th August, I was scheduled to go to Connecticut for the conference. So a UNESCO bus came to pick me up at JFK Airport around 2:30 pm in New York. Even before the bus came, I went swimming in the sea with a brother with whom I stayed in Queens. I remember the beach was near JFK Airport. I had a wonderful time there because I enjoyed swimming in the sea for the first time.

Unfortunately, even though I didn’t want to leave, I was late for the airport. To be familiar with each other before the conference, we should have an introduction session and make a successful conference. We have facilitators’ training, which we have done after breakfast on Sunday. After American lunch and a fantastic walking tour of the campus, we attended a leadership workshop, an essential tool in our lives. We must be discussed its characteristics like creativity, social understanding, charisma, sense of humour, ambition, intelligence, polity, confidence, generous and hard-working nature and many more.

Many friends had a similar problem at lunchtime since we were unfamiliar with American food. I am familiar with European and American food but have adjustment difficulties. Sometimes it created problems for me because there was no alternative to pork and beef. So I always used chicken and potatoes instead of those.

In the evening, we had a welcome ceremony with dinner. After the conference, it was time for recreational activities where we could play indoor games. These types of activities developed a good relationship among participants. But I wanted to stay quiet. On Monday, after breakfast, we had a team meeting involved in developing a project. Dr Amii Omara-Otunnu, UNESCO Chair-Holder, addressed a keynote speech on human rights. He empowered youth on human rights issues. I realise that human rights as a tool for social change.

It’s time for the open forum, where we share our experiences and perspectives. I shared my few years’ experiences on human rights, youth and ICT campaign issues. I talked about the situation in Nepal, where democracy had collapsed, and a power struggle was going on between the king, the political parties and the Maoists. I still remember; that Nepal is a country where rural girls are sold by their families for money. It pinched my inner heart. I realised that I have much more to do in this area too.

Picnic makes an excellent impression. The organiser had organised a breeze in a forest near the university. We even went hiking on a small hill. There was also a lake where some boats floated without permission to swim. We played a stone-throwing game on the lake. In the forest, we chatted and sang songs too. We returned to the picnic with boiled maise, fresh almonds, watermelon, and the BBQ.

Dr Amii talked to me about Nepal’s current issues. First, he said he was surprised at the 1st February 2005 royal takeover. Then, he opened an almond packet and added, “Nepalese people should develop a mechanism for a peaceful movement that never attacked democracy”. I agree with him; democracy is not a thing to give from someone. First, I played volleyball; there were male and female teams. I enjoyed playing it. Similarly, we played coco ball; but I needed more ideas to play well. Baseball is my favourite game. We were exhausted. Games keep fitting our bodies.

Young people must be discussed current global issues like Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Human Trafficking, Gender Discrimination, and the plight of children and be aware of leadership skills for tomorrow. Usually, the human rights events had a workshop on Communications/organisation (Coalition Building, Advocacy, NGOs/Civil Society) and the use of the media in human rights reporting. So we have also attended that.

The informal meeting had ended by 10.00 pm, after which participants retired to their rooms. It was beautiful that nobody was willing to sleep. Lots of friends were hanging around in the standard room. We even made tattoos on our bodies. Some people were in the computer room because the computer room was opened only after 9 pm. After surfing the Internet for some time, I slept at 2 am.

Our breakfast time always started at 8.00 am in a different building. Because of the late night, sometimes we woke up late, missed breakfast, and ran to attend the workshop starting at 9 am. Likewise, Dinner time was fixed at 5.30 pm onwards, and we always had to be on time. We had to do everything on time. Sometimes some of my friends also missed dinner. Some areas of campus were not easily accessible to people with disabilities, so you can request to contact the accessible van for transportation around campus. This service proved how much they care for differently able people.

Whisky! Mr Valery, A Russian lawyer friend, invited us to test Russian whisky in the standard room around 10.00 pm. Some friends collected ice and cup from the university kitchen. Barbara, a Polish girl, served whisky with ice for all my friends; I had also taken a cup and tested it very slowly because I am not used to whisky. I finished it quickly and shared my experience that Russian whisky is like water. After that, she gave me a full cup. That was real whisky, which was rolling my head. It was the first time I drank whisky as water; it relaxed us.

We visited a university’s agriculture farm. There were lots of cows and buffaloes. They used advanced technology to get milk. Animals are brought to care more than three times a day. “Farm animals got better care than me’, my dear Mr Sarada, a Cambodian friend, joked. That area was rolling green hills. The farm manager briefed us about its activities and provided ice cream.

I had taken chocolate ice cream. Since we had no time to eat it there, we ate it on the bus. Ms Sreyashi, an Indian girl already on the bus with vanilla ice cream, requested me to stay with her. She sang the Nepali song, ‘Kanchi ho Kanchi…’. Indian girls are practical and have a good sense of humour. We both had finished our bus trip with a good chat, but not ice cream. Since we had taken the medium size, it was challenging to complete. I didn’t eat chocolate ice cream later, but I wanted that moment.

Their respect inspired me for a time, and it’s important to them. We were attending a workshop on land rights issues till 6.40.PM; the organiser informed us we must finish dinner before 7.00 pm. All the friends quickly finished dinner because they were interested in the open mike and culture night. Already lots of friends were involved in the rehearsal. This type of platform provides cultural exchange among participants.

Wow! Everyone wore a national dress and expressed their culture and clothing that day. Unfortunately, I still needed my national dress due to the organiser’s late information. By the way, I had a postcard, banner and interactive CD provided by the Nepal Tourism Board. I distributed it. The programme provided ice cream, cake, juice and drinks (not more than coke). We all liked Aida Pena Celis, the Columbian girls’ performance. Finally, we all danced together.

Participants only sleep after an official workshop. With the end of the culture programme, around 10.00 pm, we started our campaign. We went to the bar at the university and drank beer in the open sky. Some friends came with pizza and KF chicken. Either boy or girl, all youth participated equally there till 2.00 pm. I was late checking my emails, so I went to the computer room and wished everyone a good night. Now, the current Global trend is peace. Every person needs peace. So, we discussed peace education, conflict resolution, politics, and NGOs.

The interesting point was that we had four groups to plan an action. Our group had made an action plan for the “child armed conflict in Nepal”. We all had different exciting fields during a proposal presentation, but most were for children. We had discussions about its implementation and formulation. In the evening, we had a farewell dinner and closing ceremony. That was the best, where the organiser provided the student’s participation certificate and remarks.

After the official closing ceremony, our campaign started at a bar again. On this day we had lots of friends for drinks. Happy birthday, happy birthday…happy birthday to our dear friend Hassan Mousa… we all got notice of the party from the bar. They were celebrating Mr Hassan, an Egyptian boy’s birthday. We also had discussions about our further goals at midnight at the bar. Lots of friends were lawyers there.

I asked Ms Nkaozer, the American girl who is a lawyer, about her interest in law. She told me that Americans never become poor; it’s my hobby. That day I couldn’t sleep; I was rolling and rolling in the bed. Just thinking about this university environment, does the bar distribute the education? Do you know if it is required at the university? This culture of drink, dance and study inspired me. It’s our day, 12th August, International Youth Day; we had taken a boxed breakfast and started a bus trip to the United Nations Building in New York.

We had an enjoyable bus trip. Ms Ethel, A Canadian girl, who knew about Hindi songs, handed me a CD player. I talked with our group leader Jane Francis Alowo. She encouraged me to keep in touch with this network for our action plan by introducing donor organisation representatives. A university lecturer in Uganda further added that developing countries and youth have many things to do. You can do it.

Our bus driver was well informed about New York, explaining the critical areas. The Gap shopping centre was where I bought some clothes. After visiting Times Square, we all met in the UN building. I feel that New York security was crazy after the 9/11 attack. The organiser had already registered our name. So we visited the UN library, a place of the UN’s general assembly and more. We had lunch in the UN cafeteria. The UN building is in a lovely area close to the East River. We could see the Statue of Liberty and the island.

I was part of International Youth Day Activities at the UN, where many people showed their performances and speech. In addition, there was the UN general secretary, Mr Koffi Annan, to empower the youth. After participating in UN international youth day in the evening, we returned to Connecticut. I was surprised when everyone was concerned about Nepal’s current situation. Everyone had the same question about democracy, human rights, freedom of expression, and Maoist activities. In addition, the country of Mt. Everest, Lord Buddha’s birthplace, was falling into war. All wanted to know about the solution and what to do next.

On 13th August at noon, we departed for New York and then to our countries. Indeed great friends are hard to find, difficult to leave, and impossible to forget, my conference friend is fantastic, and I can’t forget at all. Lastly, The most important thing is that this conference gave me national & international identity & recognition; furthermore, it’s empowering and encouraged me and other youth to do something more in youth and human rights agendas. Finally, we hope you find some helpful information on Human Rights and Youth Leadership Conference in the USA.

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Global issues

Globalization and Its Effect on Poverty

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Globalization and its Effect on Poverty

Globalization has helped raise the standard of living for many people worldwide. It has also, however, driven much deeper into poverty. Small businesses and third-world countries cannot update their technology as often as their larger, wealthier counterparts. Unable to compete with multinational and prosperous nations, small companies and third-world governments and forced to do business locally, never growing and reaching their full potential.

Technological advances are made daily throughout the world. However, it is expensive to produce and transport these advances globally rapidly. This high production cost causes the consumer’s price to be unnecessarily high. Today, many countries cannot afford such a high price for the latest technology, and by the time they can afford to pay, newer, more advanced technology exists. The democratisation of technology benefits mainly the wealthier countries.

Technological advances benefit not only wealthy countries but also wealthier companies. Technological advancements allow countries and their companies worldwide publicity when they are successful. Because investors can easily invest on the Internet, on the telephone, and through facsimile machines, companies’ profits have significantly increased. Currency traders worldwide have also been able to update exchange rates and notify the public of the updates more rapidly. This has led to more desire to finalise deals because companies can be sure they receive competitive exchange rates.

Swissair, an airline based in Switzerland, even moved its entire accounting division from Switzerland to India simply because the accountants in India are among the best in the world. They could do this because all the information from their new office halfway around the world was transmitted using technologically advanced devices. The company benefited in two ways labour is cheaper, and the workers are more skilled in India. For the same reasons as in India, Thailand has moved from being primarily a rice-producing nation to the world’s second-largest producer of pickups and trucks.

As far back as the invention of the telephone, the countries with the best economies were the most technologically advanced. The phone’s design by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 allowed information to be sent worldwide considerably more rapidly than ever before. Before the invention of the phone, it might have taken days, weeks, or even months to courier documents worldwide. Today, however, Electronics, a company in Delhi, India, takes doctors’ dictation from a toll-free number in the United States, transcribes the recordings, and sends the text back to a U.S. HMO. With the invention of the telephone and its spread to the world’s wealthier countries also came increased growth in their economies.

The global marketplace is based on a winner take all system. The wealthy, “winning” companies and countries can sell their goods and services worldwide. In contrast, the “losing” poorer countries and businesses are limited to local markets. Massive global markets also incentivise companies and nations to market products internationally. The National Basketball Association, for example, 1998 sold more than five hundred million dollars in licensed merchandise worldwide. The NBA owes this considerable source of income to advances in technology.

However, basketball organisations in other countries that cannot afford to market their organisations globally are forced to sell licensed merchandise only in their countries, substantially lowering potential profits. In the past fifty years, global capitalism has raised the living standards of more people higher and faster than in the previous five hundred years. Increasing the number of “haves” worldwide has also dramatically increased the number of “have-nots”. It has also driven the poor further into poverty, making it increasingly unlikely that they will ever recover.

Globalisation creates tensions between nations and companies, between those with the skills and resources to compete in the global market and those without. When the Internet was first introduced to the public, the wealthier countries could incorporate it into their economies before the poorer countries. The richer countries had already established a stronghold on the Internet by the time the more impoverished countries could buy computers and pay for Internet access. According to one prediction, “by 2001, two hundred sixty-eight million computers will be connected”.

However, the great majority will be purchased and connected to the Internet by people in wealthy countries. Wealthy countries control most world-renowned businesses and services on the Internet. They also hold the registration of domain names on the Internet, forcing developing countries to pay rich countries for the rights to names to create e-companies. The Internet “instantly link[ed] retailers to suppliers”. Through digitisation, voices, sounds, pictures, and documents can be turned into computer bits transferable on the Internet.

Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan even “linked . . . upturn[s] in productivity to massive investments . . . in computers and other technology (Workers). By the time the poorer countries were able to benefit from the use of the Internet, the wealthy countries had only increased their wealth. Technological advances in transportation have also benefited wealthy countries more than emerging countries. As automobiles and aeroplanes spread throughout the world, the poorer countries were forced to use standard horses, buggies, and ships because the price of automobiles and aeroplanes was too high.

This gave the wealthier countries an enormous advantage because a product that previously required months to ship by sea would take days to reach its destination by air and automobile. Businesses in the wealthier countries could also send their executives worldwide to meet with executives from other countries and close their deals while the executives of companies from poorer countries were still on their boats travelling. If a country does not update its transportation industries, international companies will not want to build warehouses and distribution centres within that country.

This, in turn, creates high unemployment rates, driving people further and further into poverty. According to Moore’s law, computing power doubles every eighteen to twenty-four months. This means that only countries that can afford to pay millions every year and a half will have the newest technology. The latest technology many countries can afford is sometimes outdated by years, driving their economies into poverty because they cannot compete with wealthy countries. For the more affluent countries, however, increased computing speed leads to faster transfer of documents.

It also speeds up production because faster machines capable of handling more data are used in factories in wealthier countries. Compression technology has also reduced costs in more affluent countries because disks can hold more information. The amount of data that can be stored on a square inch of the disk has increased by sixty percent every year since 1991. Along with compression technology comes miniaturisation. Because the size of the chips has decreased, so have the size and weight of computers and phones. Since less material is used to make the product, the cost is lower, allowing for more profit.

Advances in computer technology have greatly benefited wealthy countries and hindered developing countries economies. Many foreign companies and governments are using the poverty of other countries to their advantage. Most foreign firms pay their workers more than the country’s national average. However, the workers are often paid considerably lower than the average wage for the company’s home country. Foreign companies are also creating jobs faster than their domestic counterparts, leading to higher poverty levels in the country.

The company’s profits are not invested back into the country where the company is located but instead sent back to the home country. Most foreign businesses also spend heavily on research and development in the country where they are located; however, the benefits of the new, more advanced products are reaped in the home country. Foreign firms also export more than domestic ones, taking with the products, profit and future investment in the country.

Many countries’ economies are growing and expanding at the expense of smaller, poorer countries. Influential governments and businesses are not merely the most technologically advanced. They are also the ones who are constantly seeking to upgrade and improve their existing technology. However, the world’s poorer countries cannot afford to upgrade their technology as often. Nevertheless, countries and businesses must constantly work to increase the speed of transactions, investment, production, and government.

They must also learn to operate their existing software and networks at their full potential before it is updated to maximise efficiency. Low productivity within a country or a company leads to a shared living standard and higher poverty levels. Low productivity within a nation or a company also causes it to be less competitive in the global marketplace. If a company or a country cannot constantly update their goods and technologies, it will not be able to compete globally. Foreign competitors set the standard for the quality and production schedules of goods.

Again, if a company cannot update its factories, it will not be competitive and will have more poverty. The democratisation of finance has helped globalisation flourish. Wealthy countries, however, are reaping the majority of the benefits. While there is more money available for companies to get started, the majority of the profits of the new companies are being invested in wealthy countries. Investments in the United States have gone from one hundred million to nearly three trillion dollars.

While the economy of the United States has developed into one of the most potent, most stable in the world, many third-world countries have been forced deeper into poverty as a result. A contributing factor to the success of globalisation has been the creation of alliances and economic integration. However, the countries most benefit from these alliances are traditionally wealthier. Free trade, customs unions, common markets, and monetary unions are essential to the spread of globalisation; however, they impede the growth of third-world countries not included in the group.

Globalisation, while essential to the success of the global marketplace, has a darker, less visible side. It benefits some third-world countries, most wealthy countries, and large, well-known multinational companies. It, however, causes the economies of many countries and smaller companies to collapse. To promote competition worldwide, globalisation has rendered it impossible for some locally successful companies to transfer their success to the global stage. It has also blocked investments and growth of some poorer, third-world countries. Globalisation decreases poverty in some countries while simultaneously increasing it in others.

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Political Crisis in Nepal

Sep 15, 2005 Shakti

Political Crisis in Nepal

(First published date: 2006/2007)

The recent incident that developed suddenly in Nepal has added some more crucial responsibility on the shoulder of civil society in protecting and promoting human rights in Nepal. The truce has been announced by both warring parties (government & Maoists). The government has withdrawn the ‘terrorist’ tag on the Maoists. Similarly, it has also taken back the decision of ‘red corner notice’ and another title of ‘price on heads of the major leaders of the Maoists’.

On the other hand, the Maoists have also postponed all kinds of their armed movements, announcing that they have ‘agreed with the government’s proposition of cease-fire’ on the condition of holding round table discussions, including representatives of the political parties and members of the civil society.’ They have also raised the issues of ‘interim government’ and the ‘constituent assembly’, for which they have said the round table discussion’ will be the base.

The government and the Maoists have, thus, agreed to come to the negotiating table, forgetting all the pains and trauma of the victims of the armed conflict. None of the warring forces has announced yet what to do with the victims of the war, which were solely caused due to them. The cease-fire was announced after killing more than 7,400 people in Nepal’s seven years of deadly conflict. The second round table discussion was completed between the government and the Maoist for peace talks. Many questions arise: What will be the people’s agenda? Our concern should be towards it.

The Nepalese Maoist insurgency began in a few areas in February 1996 and quickly extended to other regions thanks to political unrest and administration failures. It was simple for Nepalis who felt duped by their leaders to buy into the Maoists’ vision of a communist utopia because of rising corruption, poor governance, and governments’ incapacity to satisfy public desires. The Maoists were astute enough to see that their philosophy would not be enough to gain support from the general public, and they started focusing on issues important to most rural Nepalis, such as exploitation, discrimination, poverty, corruption, and inequality.

They established uncomfortable stability, much like the Taliban did in Afghanistan, despite their intolerance for disagreement or discussion. Although many Nepalis seemed to accept the Maoists’ goals—namely, the end of the monarch’s absolute authority and establishment of a more just society—their tactics quickly alienated foreign and domestic support. Along with a generalised onslaught against the state that included ambushing security troops and bombing district offices, kidnappings, abductions, assassinations, rapes, disappearances, and taxing the peasantry, all became commonplace. These strikes resulted in several civilian deaths.

If the cease-fire could be announced so quickly, what for the war? Why killings? Why abduction? Why incommunicado? Why illegal detention? Why contempt of court orders? Why an environment of self-terrorising people? What about internal displacement? And so on. As the civilian people are suffering from the effects of the conflict – unmanned health posts, the building of wells has stopped, schools are closed, and an urgent need to use one’s expertise to revitalise such issues.

Another very urgent need, in the present context, is to identify the People’s Agenda to intervene in ‘the round table discussion’ of the warring forces so that they could concentrate on the actual causes of the conflict, its effect and, more importantly, what affected civilians say about the prevention of this conflict. From the ground level, these people’s plan should evolve into national-level politics to convert the announced truce into a durable cease-fire by intervening in the announced ‘round table discussion.’ Finally, hope you liked the blog on Political Crisis in Nepal.

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