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A Trip to Lamjung in Nepal

(First published date: 2006/2007)

“Is there a dog in Medini sir’s house?” We asked a woman in Simpani who was retrieving water from a lake. “Where did you come from? There is a dog in the upper house, but not in that one”, she replied. “Have you come from her mother’s place?” She asked us; she guessed we were relatives of the sister.

After reaching our sister’s house, we found out that she had gone to Kathmandu to our house; but it was too late, so we had to stay there. After dinner, Ashok entertained us with his stories, our cousin and a leader. Then, we fell asleep. Our brother-in-law, a poet, had his books spread out everywhere. Some of his poems were published, and some were ready for publication. We listened to some of his poems from Ashok. In addition, he had some medals and felicitation prizes nailed on the walls of his room.

We also came to know about the environment and situation of that place. Khudi village was naturally a lovely place. To the north were mountains, the Khudi Bazar was on the base near the Marsayangdi River, and a beautiful forest was on the other side of the river. The place was so inviting that a person would enjoy writing poetry while viewing the natural scenery. Since it was on the way to Manang, Bahundanda had some development projects. We left Khudi after our morning meal. On our way to Beshisahar, we saw the Marsyandi River, which divided Lamjung to the east and the west. We walked through a motor road, talking with the potters passing by and finally reached Beshisahar.

After reaching Beshisahar (Headquarters of Lamjung District), we explained our work to Purnachandra’s uncle. His expertise helped the government work to finish quickly. The old Lamjung place of the Shah Dynasty, Manang, Marsyangdi River, the mountains and green hills had been the main attraction to many people.

We left Beshisahar, taking a bus to Bhoteodar. The bus moved through the Shore of the Marsyandi River. The river was large but had caused no harm; instead, it had facilitated the villagers. The Midim River had been a disaster in Bhorletar since it flowed in cultivable land, but the Marsyangdi River had been necessary there. In Bhoteodor, we observed excellent religious tolerance. We spent our night at Basana’s sister’s place. Since we were exhausted, we slept after eating dinner. Early in the morning, we left Bhoteodor.

We soon reached Sundarbazar on a short bus ride. Sundarbazar had been more developed because of many governmental and private offices. The agricultural campus had been the heart of that place. A bus came there to leave for Kathmandu, but we moved ahead, ignoring the call. That modern place had its religion and the occurrence of development in an old way, though it was a current habitat. The plain land had turned barren due to a lack of irrigation. We remembered our great grandfather’s words; “The financial development of Lamjung is impossible until there is an irrigation facility for every plain land”.

The place had a park, playgrounds, a museum, a library and other development projects underway. Our trip was moving ahead beside the Paundi River through a motorway. Since there were no hills but just red soil, the construction of roads was easy. The sun was bright and challenging to walk, so we sat on a stone. The village had facilitated electricity. Since Bhorletar had no electricity, we cursed the lazy people, political leaders and unaware civilians. Our trip had been moving ahead with all this type of conversation.

The people carrying tin plates to Duradanda helped us make our trip easier. We knew a lot about the environment of that place. Though the Karunche River was small, the damage caused by the river during the rainy season was hoarse and could be seen at that time. The names of the places were given after the casts, like Khatre Thanti, Koirala Fahat, etc.

Our trip to Duradanda was cancelled after we learned about the 2-3 hour walk to reach that place. We had planned to spend a night at Bhorletar and return to Kathmandu the following day, but this was in vain. We felt that our trip was incomplete when we could not go to Duradanda, which taught us respect for work and the value of time.

The ancient habitat differed from what we thought but was of historical importance. We took down the names of some of the relatives of our grandfather, but all of them were living in different places. On the Shore of the Paundi River, small shops and houses were famous in Koirala Fahant. After leaving Koirala Fahat, we went to our sister’s house in Dhuseni, where we could see large pieces of land, though there were hills. The place had a good production of paddy in the rainy season.

We finally reached our sister’s house after some hours’ walk. We also feared the dog there, but it was chained. Our sister had forced us to spend the night there, but we had the compulsion to leave. Unfortunately, we had not been able to be at our sister’s place in Duradanda, but thinking of the fun we would have if we had visited her, we went towards our destination of Bhorletar. First, we went through Kunchha, where the court was held earlier; then, we reached Thansing, from which our destiny, Bhorletar, was seen clearly.

We went through many things we had never experienced, like cemeteries, dogs and steep lands. As the law of nature ordered, the river had fallen into the lowlands and became a lake flowing through the plains. These experiences forced us to think we must cope with the environment. Leaving the narrow passage, which gave us the first sight of light to Bhorletar, we moved ahead towards our destiny.

My Lamjung is not poor. The people’s goals and thoughts are poor. However, there were leadership, determination and love for work. We will change if we are disciplined, hard-working, and honest and do not interrupt others’ work. Then change will take place very soon within us. The goal of each plan should be to help the citizens. The culture should be developed in such a way that it will respect the law of the country. Which village of Lamjung is not suitable for tourism? Which town does not have natural beauty?

The villages are rich in agriculture, forest, herbs, water resources, hills, etc. Throughout the trip, one thing that always came to my mind was that if we could use these natural resources, we could make Lamjung rich. I felt that development would take place there because development is a change in people’s thinking and respect for time, which I saw occurring there clearly. Finally, our trip to Lamjung ended with these feelings in our minds.

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Human Rights and Youth Leadership

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Human Rights and Youth Leadership Conference in the USA

(First published date: 2006/2007 )

The UNESCO Chair & Institute of Comparative Human Rights at the University of Connecticut invited 30 young human rights leaders worldwide to participate in an inter-generational educational conference held on August 7 – 13, 2005, at the University of Connecticut in Connecticut, USA.

“It was a great experience because there was a different point of view shared and on the other hand, it was quite difficult for us since they had different styles with work and organising presentations different from mine. One of the things that fascinated me was how they organised the presentations. Most of the presenters were experienced academic people who allowed us to go deep into the information they shared. Nevertheless, we as participants needed to make a great effort because the schedule was very intensive, and we had to be ready at 8 am and most of the days finished at 10 pm.”

This phrase is not only Ms Aida Pena Celis’s expression after attending the conference but also represents all participants’ views. I have picked up this expression from the email list of the UNESCO chair. In this project, young people engaged through dialogue with experienced and older human rights practitioners to gain management skills and techniques and a greater understanding of human rights issues on a global level. The principal objective was to nurture individuals to be influential leaders in human rights.

The conference sought to promote sharing of experiences and understanding, provide an impulsion for the empowerment of youth leaders, and enable them to play a crucial and constructive role in developing human rights in their communities. The conference provided tools and a platform for open debates about policies, programs, activities and processes necessary for promoting human rights leadership. In addition, conference facilitators served in an ongoing capacity as mentors to the young conference participants upon their return to their home countries.

On 1st August 2005, I was at JFK Airport in New York. On 7th August, I was scheduled to go to Connecticut for the conference. So a UNESCO bus came to pick me up at JFK Airport around 2:30 pm in New York. Even before the bus came, I went swimming in the sea with a brother with whom I stayed in Queens. I remember the beach was near JFK Airport. I had a wonderful time there because I enjoyed swimming in the sea for the first time.

Unfortunately, even though I didn’t want to leave, I was late for the airport. To be familiar with each other before the conference, we should have an introduction session and make a successful conference. We have facilitators’ training, which we have done after breakfast on Sunday. After American lunch and a fantastic walking tour of the campus, we attended a leadership workshop, an essential tool in our lives. We must be discussed its characteristics like creativity, social understanding, charisma, sense of humour, ambition, intelligence, polity, confidence, generous and hard-working nature and many more.

Many friends had a similar problem at lunchtime since we were unfamiliar with American food. I am familiar with European and American food but have adjustment difficulties. Sometimes it created problems for me because there was no alternative to pork and beef. So I always used chicken and potatoes instead of those.

In the evening, we had a welcome ceremony with dinner. After the conference, it was time for recreational activities where we could play indoor games. These types of activities developed a good relationship among participants. But I wanted to stay quiet. On Monday, after breakfast, we had a team meeting involved in developing a project. Dr Amii Omara-Otunnu, UNESCO Chair-Holder, addressed a keynote speech on human rights. He empowered youth on human rights issues. I realise that human rights as a tool for social change.

It’s time for the open forum, where we share our experiences and perspectives. I shared my few years’ experiences on human rights, youth and ICT campaign issues. I talked about the situation in Nepal, where democracy had collapsed, and a power struggle was going on between the king, the political parties and the Maoists. I still remember; that Nepal is a country where rural girls are sold by their families for money. It pinched my inner heart. I realised that I have much more to do in this area too.

Picnic makes an excellent impression. The organiser had organised a breeze in a forest near the university. We even went hiking on a small hill. There was also a lake where some boats floated without permission to swim. We played a stone-throwing game on the lake. In the forest, we chatted and sang songs too. We returned to the picnic with boiled maise, fresh almonds, watermelon, and the BBQ.

Dr Amii talked to me about Nepal’s current issues. First, he said he was surprised at the 1st February 2005 royal takeover. Then, he opened an almond packet and added, “Nepalese people should develop a mechanism for a peaceful movement that never attacked democracy”. I agree with him; democracy is not a thing to give from someone. First, I played volleyball; there were male and female teams. I enjoyed playing it. Similarly, we played coco ball; but I needed more ideas to play well. Baseball is my favourite game. We were exhausted. Games keep fitting our bodies.

Young people must be discussed current global issues like Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Human Trafficking, Gender Discrimination, and the plight of children and be aware of leadership skills for tomorrow. Usually, the human rights events had a workshop on Communications/organisation (Coalition Building, Advocacy, NGOs/Civil Society) and the use of the media in human rights reporting. So we have also attended that.

The informal meeting had ended by 10.00 pm, after which participants retired to their rooms. It was beautiful that nobody was willing to sleep. Lots of friends were hanging around in the standard room. We even made tattoos on our bodies. Some people were in the computer room because the computer room was opened only after 9 pm. After surfing the Internet for some time, I slept at 2 am.

Our breakfast time always started at 8.00 am in a different building. Because of the late night, sometimes we woke up late, missed breakfast, and ran to attend the workshop starting at 9 am. Likewise, Dinner time was fixed at 5.30 pm onwards, and we always had to be on time. We had to do everything on time. Sometimes some of my friends also missed dinner. Some areas of campus were not easily accessible to people with disabilities, so you can request to contact the accessible van for transportation around campus. This service proved how much they care for differently able people.

Whisky! Mr Valery, A Russian lawyer friend, invited us to test Russian whisky in the standard room around 10.00 pm. Some friends collected ice and cup from the university kitchen. Barbara, a Polish girl, served whisky with ice for all my friends; I had also taken a cup and tested it very slowly because I am not used to whisky. I finished it quickly and shared my experience that Russian whisky is like water. After that, she gave me a full cup. That was real whisky, which was rolling my head. It was the first time I drank whisky as water; it relaxed us.

We visited a university’s agriculture farm. There were lots of cows and buffaloes. They used advanced technology to get milk. Animals are brought to care more than three times a day. “Farm animals got better care than me’, my dear Mr Sarada, a Cambodian friend, joked. That area was rolling green hills. The farm manager briefed us about its activities and provided ice cream.

I had taken chocolate ice cream. Since we had no time to eat it there, we ate it on the bus. Ms Sreyashi, an Indian girl already on the bus with vanilla ice cream, requested me to stay with her. She sang the Nepali song, ‘Kanchi ho Kanchi…’. Indian girls are practical and have a good sense of humour. We both had finished our bus trip with a good chat, but not ice cream. Since we had taken the medium size, it was challenging to complete. I didn’t eat chocolate ice cream later, but I wanted that moment.

Their respect inspired me for a time, and it’s important to them. We were attending a workshop on land rights issues till 6.40.PM; the organiser informed us we must finish dinner before 7.00 pm. All the friends quickly finished dinner because they were interested in the open mike and culture night. Already lots of friends were involved in the rehearsal. This type of platform provides cultural exchange among participants.

Wow! Everyone wore a national dress and expressed their culture and clothing that day. Unfortunately, I still needed my national dress due to the organiser’s late information. By the way, I had a postcard, banner and interactive CD provided by the Nepal Tourism Board. I distributed it. The programme provided ice cream, cake, juice and drinks (not more than coke). We all liked Aida Pena Celis, the Columbian girls’ performance. Finally, we all danced together.

Participants only sleep after an official workshop. With the end of the culture programme, around 10.00 pm, we started our campaign. We went to the bar at the university and drank beer in the open sky. Some friends came with pizza and KF chicken. Either boy or girl, all youth participated equally there till 2.00 pm. I was late checking my emails, so I went to the computer room and wished everyone a good night. Now, the current Global trend is peace. Every person needs peace. So, we discussed peace education, conflict resolution, politics, and NGOs.

The interesting point was that we had four groups to plan an action. Our group had made an action plan for the “child armed conflict in Nepal”. We all had different exciting fields during a proposal presentation, but most were for children. We had discussions about its implementation and formulation. In the evening, we had a farewell dinner and closing ceremony. That was the best, where the organiser provided the student’s participation certificate and remarks.

After the official closing ceremony, our campaign started at a bar again. On this day we had lots of friends for drinks. Happy birthday, happy birthday…happy birthday to our dear friend Hassan Mousa… we all got notice of the party from the bar. They were celebrating Mr Hassan, an Egyptian boy’s birthday. We also had discussions about our further goals at midnight at the bar. Lots of friends were lawyers there.

I asked Ms Nkaozer, the American girl who is a lawyer, about her interest in law. She told me that Americans never become poor; it’s my hobby. That day I couldn’t sleep; I was rolling and rolling in the bed. Just thinking about this university environment, does the bar distribute the education? Do you know if it is required at the university? This culture of drink, dance and study inspired me. It’s our day, 12th August, International Youth Day; we had taken a boxed breakfast and started a bus trip to the United Nations Building in New York.

We had an enjoyable bus trip. Ms Ethel, A Canadian girl, who knew about Hindi songs, handed me a CD player. I talked with our group leader Jane Francis Alowo. She encouraged me to keep in touch with this network for our action plan by introducing donor organisation representatives. A university lecturer in Uganda further added that developing countries and youth have many things to do. You can do it.

Our bus driver was well informed about New York, explaining the critical areas. The Gap shopping centre was where I bought some clothes. After visiting Times Square, we all met in the UN building. I feel that New York security was crazy after the 9/11 attack. The organiser had already registered our name. So we visited the UN library, a place of the UN’s general assembly and more. We had lunch in the UN cafeteria. The UN building is in a lovely area close to the East River. We could see the Statue of Liberty and the island.

I was part of International Youth Day Activities at the UN, where many people showed their performances and speech. In addition, there was the UN general secretary, Mr Koffi Annan, to empower the youth. After participating in UN international youth day in the evening, we returned to Connecticut. I was surprised when everyone was concerned about Nepal’s current situation. Everyone had the same question about democracy, human rights, freedom of expression, and Maoist activities. In addition, the country of Mt. Everest, Lord Buddha’s birthplace, was falling into war. All wanted to know about the solution and what to do next.

On 13th August at noon, we departed for New York and then to our countries. Indeed great friends are hard to find, difficult to leave, and impossible to forget, my conference friend is fantastic, and I can’t forget at all. Lastly, The most important thing is that this conference gave me national & international identity & recognition; furthermore, it’s empowering and encouraged me and other youth to do something more in youth and human rights agendas. Finally, we hope you find some helpful information on Human Rights and Youth Leadership Conference in the USA.

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Nepal: Country where the blood is flowing

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Nepal: Country where the blood is flowing

(First published date: 2006/2007)

Every day is the same, I wake up to feel a new day with new hopes and aspirations, but as I read the morning newspaper and listen to the radio, a chill goes through my spine.

Today, a military Colonel was shot dead in my town. This is crazy. Why is this happening in my country? My country used to be known as very peaceful, but the ongoing internal conflict makes surviving every day a struggle. When you leave your house in the morning, there is no guarantee that you will return home alive. My mom constantly fears and worries that I will not return from work. Internal wars and conflict continue to destroy my country; it is hollow within. I hope this will end soon!

Please Pray for Nepal!

I have picked up this expression from my colleague, Miss Roshni Rai, from Katmandu, Nepal. Once considered the country of Mount Everest and Lord Gautam Buddha, Nepal is now recognised as a grave human rights violator. This fatal nine-year internal conflict between the Nepalese government and the Maoists continues to deepen.

The election of 1991 won the Maoists nine seats out of 205, and as a result, the Maoists started killing police and militia and vigorously stealing from the citizens. Over 10,000 people have died because of this “People’s War”. According to the Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC), “The Maoists share the ratio by around 2 (1.05) persons a day. In total, the increase has been observed by almost 4 (3.83) persons per day.”

The temporary seize fire was broken in August 2003, when the army captured 19 people from the village and killed them. In 1990, King Birendra was forced to re-establish the parliamentary democracy in the country by public revel. However, in 2001, after the killings at the Narayan Hity Palace, where King Birendra’s royal family had been murdered, the nation’s inheritance was in the hands of Gyanendra. The new king retained executive power, dismissing the democratically elected government and sidelining the parliamentarian parties in October 2002.

According to the Informal Sector Service Centre, the killings related to the Maoists’ armed conflict after the Royal takeover by the State have increased by almost 3 (2.77) persons per day. The increase in killings per day before and after the Royal takeover demonstrates that more people were killed after the period when the king retained executive power. Although the king’s actions may have come to suppress the worsening situation in the country, it is clear that he could not withstand the reality of the problem.

Therefore, we must remember to unite and work together to rescue our nation. To see how this is not only an internal issue for Nepal, we must evaluate Nepalese activities by neighbouring countries India and China. China is diplomatic and against Maoists. This is a fact that the Nepalese Maoist are misusing China’s great leader Mao’s name. They said, “They are misusing the name.” India continues to play political games, and there is no doubt about what they want. The internal war of Nepal is not only of Nepalese concern but also of significant concern for India.

As India is a neighbouring country to Nepal, many refugees and Maoists have been entering India. This Rebel movement may add to the ongoing crisis between India and Pakistan. “I strongly urged the king and the Nepalese political parties to work together to face a threat to Nepal. The preservation of Nepal’s constitutional monarchy and multiparty democracy is crucial to meeting the Maoist challenge”, US assistant secretary for South Asia Affairs Christina B. Rocca said.

Although Nepal Army forces against the rebellion are being used throughout the country, 40% of the country has been captured by Maoists. Armed power mobilisation is only one of the long-lasting solutions to this conflict. The economy suffers more and more as the backbone of the Nepalese economy is the tourist industry. Both tourists and investors are depressed. We must analyse the causes of the Maoists’ armed conflict in Nepal and take necessary actions.

Without knowing the natural causes and roots of the war, we will never solve issues within Nepal. We must ask the following questions: why did the Maoist politicians start this difficult policy for political power? Why are the communities behind them? The monarch King Gyanendra, through a declaration on October 4, 2002, dissolved the elected government headed by Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba and retained executive power of the State over him.

However, the pro-parliament political parties, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), the Nepali Congress, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, People’s Front Nepal, Nepal Sadbhawana Party (Ananda Devi) and Nepal Workers and Peasants’ Party have been flying the royal declaration from the very beginning. They have labelled it unconstitutional and have demanded it is corrected. As a result, a public meeting was held in Katmandu, and phase one was declared: a weeklong peaceful agitation against the royal drive.

They are going through the following (effective and last) phase of harmonious action. They have a poor plan to assemble and pressure the mass. It is as though they are just bargaining and bargaining. Professor Dr Brian Cobb said that most Nepali people need to be educated but are undoubtedly bright. They know a bad thing when they see it.

At the moment, many youths have begun to join arms and have a unified vision and logic. They don’t just lead the agitation against the royal drive; they have stated the open debate on the “Need for a Monarchy system in Nepal” They want to develop institutional democracy, not a constituted monocracy. One of the most popular youth student leaders Gagan Thapa said, “This movement is the last struggle for Democracy”.

We agree; it wouldn’t be good if future generations also had to devote their time to fighting for democracy. International revolution shows that student and youth movements are the foundation of progress. Their contributions start the processes; they should be leading the nations. It is the youth who lead the movements and older faces who lead the nations.

The situation demonstrates how the political parties and the royal palace challenge each other’s power. King Gyanendra couldn’t solve the country’s main problems without the help of political parties who are revelling on the road to re-establishing parliament and democracy. It is necessary that King Gyanendra progress with the advice of public representatives and the political rules to end this violence. I feel that the only solution to these issues is a participant in the elections of parliament.

Evaluating the series of political crises within Nepal is critical. The contradictory statement by the Chief of the Army Staff, Prajjwal Shumsher J.B. Rana, at an army convocation program on March 27, 2002, not only displays the Nepali political crisis but also shows how he is an example of it. He said, “The point to be considered here is who led the country to this condition? Is it due to bad governance or the military? Is the State of Emergency imposed as per the army’s interest or due to threats to national security? We must understand why we need it before we plunge into a debate on it.

Does a government enjoy a majority in a multiparty system proclaim an Emergency in the army’s interest? Should the terrorist attacks against the Constitution, constitutional government and governmental mechanism, and the innocent Nepali people not be considered a national crisis? Why were the suggestions regarding national security due to undesired political activities ignored during the last twelve years? We will have the reality exposed itself if these questions are answered.”

Publicly, his role as army chief did not allow him to evaluate his political situation. His every word reflects Nepali political leaders’ negative governance for twelve years. Political leaders are never concerned with what is happening beyond Kathmandu. Rana said, “Are the elected representatives carrying their responsibilities actively in their respective constituencies?

Why are they playing a non-cooperative role against the security forces boldly facing the terrorists in their constituencies? Instead of working collectively to inflict defeat over the Maoist activities, there is a game to snatch power (among and within the political parties), taking advantage of the uneasy political scenario, which is against our national interest.”

In other words, political parties must also leave the concerns of war and try to fulfil Maoist desires. Therefore, significant parties are developing a new proposal for the Maoist problems. They must decrease the support for Maoists by making positive relationships among circles and areas that were not in line with their policy creation. According to the main political parties, the “Key to a political solution is in the king’s hand.”

In Nepal, the royal palace has the army’s power and the most effective and sustainable power, the moral support of Nepalese. The people of Nepal respect the king as a living god. The king is the parent of Nepalese, not a player in politics. In the king’s address to the nation on October 4, 2002, he believed, “The greater good of Nepal and the Nepalese people is our only goal. History is witness to the fact that the wishes and aspirations of the people have always guided the institution of Monarchy in Nepal. We have repeatedly expressed our commitment to democracy, and we would like to assure our countrymen that democratic ideas will always continue to guide us.”

His Majesty proves that the Shah Dynasty is flexible in public demand. He continues to say, “It is known to all that in keeping with the tradition of the Shah Dynasty to remain ever dedicated to the paramount welfare and progress of the Nepalese people, the democratic multiparty polity was reinstated in the kingdom in 1990 following the wishes of the Nepalese people. It is also clear that during the twelve years since its reinstatement, several political exercises have been adopted to consolidate democracy”. It is evident in how he addresses the nation that you will get more love and responsibilities from the king to his countryman.

My concern is that the way he addresses the public is entirely different from his actions. History teaches us that it is a bitter truth that those with a solid military and warfare will never give power easily to those who cry for strength. In this century, we know that single democracy is hardware; democratic parties are operating systems, and the Nepalese abide by a constitutional monarchy system. We can’t say anything; political demands harm the nation, and the king’s democratic practical experiments are faulty. We are clear on one thing: the king’s actions are non-democratic.

Democracy and human rights are the basis of peace and development. Human rights should be respected, and freedom should be provided for the people. The government, the Maoists and all political parties should respect and promote human rights. International humanitarian laws should be considered in times of conflict. Advocate Shom Prasad Luitel expresses the need for unity in his article History of Maoist.

He says, “The Maoists should come into the political mainstream, stop violence and contribute to a developing nation. The government, all political forces, and human rights communities should try to solve the Maoist problem. All Nepalese, whether Maoist or non-Maoist, should bring peace in the country; a new era where everyone has basic human rights without regard to caste, sex, religion, origin, economic status or political ideology”.

Peace for a student, peace for development, peace for the poor and so on. Social science student Roshni Rai expresses her feelings in her diary “U know today I woke up early to look forward to a beautiful day, but some things never happen…..I change and then get ready for my college. And off go to my bus stop. The bus comes me up and. Hoping to meet my best friend and share all my problems…..I rush toward the day…BUT ALAS!!

When we reached the college gate, the guard told us, “RETURN there’s A STRIKE…NO STUDIES, no COLLEGE” My dreams shattered on the ground…….It happens to every student who dreams of sharing the vision and improving their lives…But my place is filled with black shadows of dirty politics that the light of our desires is hard to see…HELP US PLZ…….MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE IN!! PEACE………….”

The king must start communicating better with democratic political parties and the Maoist. He must begin to address this severe matter carefully. Power comes from justifiable deeds, and it is only a democratic system that balances the power. It is not a time to challenge but to observe and share. The best way to resolve the current situation is to set an election date and continue down the road of institutional democracy. We must recognise that we have already covered much of our history in blood and start learning from our past.

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Nepal: Human Rights in Perplexity

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Nepal: Human Rights in Perplexity

(First published date: 2006/2007)

Nepal is the country for whom? Democracy is only the pretence of a word; human rights are only a constitutional decoration. Similarly, a resolved peace agenda is the only possible way to create a stable government.

Nepal is the poorest country in the world, with low per capita income and other low demographic indicators. Due to political instability and an unsystematic development process, the nation has been unable to fulfil the needs of the poor for a long time. Before 1990, the non-democratic government, which ruled for 30 years, never worried about national development. As a result, corruption, administrative carelessness, impunity, criminal activities, and many other social evils have existed within the nation due to bad governance, which was especially exposed through open media after the restoration of democracy in 1990.

In the 1990s, a popular movement created a new constitution with an explicit provision of fundamental rights, allowing the Nepalese people to develop into citizens of the King’s fellow citizens. However, the political parties concentrated on their welfare rather than the national and institutional development of democracy. Similarly, ethnic and caste discrimination, economic crisis, and people’s participation in the product and social process became neglected issues.

As a result, wealthy people became richer & richer, and the poor remained almost the same. Thus, ‘Voicing the Voiceless’; rural communities and helpless people are now concerned with the Maoist slogan toward expectation to revolutionise. But this Maoism that has captured the rural areas creates deadly violence using weapons and has killed 4,312 people within nine years. In this situation, the Monarch, King Gyanendra, dissolved the elected government headed by PM Sher Bahadur Deuba on the 4th of October 2002 and retained executive power of the State.

The pro-parliament political parties have been flaying the Royal Declaration from the beginning, labelling it unconstitutional and demanding to correct it. Regrettably, the Royal Palace, never anxious for political parties, continues formulating its road map for the non – democratic way. King Gyanendra imposed a state of emergency on the 1st of February 2005, justifying his seizure of power by blaming Nepal’s political parties for failing to address the nine-year conflict between often brutal Maoist insurgents and government forces.

As a result, all fundamental constitutional rights were suspended, including freedom of assembly and expression; the right to information and privacy; property right; and the prohibition against arbitrary detention. According to the INSEC, 3,332 political activists were arrested, and 2,232 were released from the 1st Feb. to the 2nd June 2005.

Analysing the above situation in Nepal, we can find out some significant problems:

The loss of Democracy
The strangled Constitutional exercise
Peace in perplexity
Violence is developing as a culture.

Human rights and open media are hidden through the lack of democracy and peace. These are the causes of the division of Nepal into four sectors; a Royal Palace with army power; political parties with popular support; Maoism and violent activities; and finally, the International community under the leadership of the UN. As part of the United Nations’ ongoing effort to help find a peaceful resolution to the conflict in Nepal, Secretary-General Kofi Annan sent his Special Adviser, Lakhdar Brahimi, to meet with top officials in the strife-torn Himalayan kingdom of Nepal.

Mr Brahimi, an older diplomat, during his visit to Nepal from the 10th to 15th of July, met with King Gyanendra, senior Government officials, leaders of political parties and a cross-section of representatives from Nepalese society. Likewise, In April, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour and the Government signed an agreement to set up a monitoring operation to help establish accountability for rights abuses and prevent further violations by all sides in the nine-year-old armed conflict with Maoist rebels.

“I don’t believe that peace will come. If the peace talks fail, the fighting will begin again. Even if they succeed, the Army and the Maoists will take all the jobs. If the fighting begins again, we’ll have to run away and hide and hope we survive.” I have picked up this expression from the Elderly Man of Sankhuwasabh Village to explain what types of effects on development the internal war in Nepal has and will have.

In the same way, the Elderly Village Woman added, “We are old. We don’t care about ourselves. We want our children to grow up without war and without being afraid. People say peace has come, but it’s not true. We are still afraid to walk freely, and nobody knows what might happen tomorrow.” These few words are not only the view of these two villagers; it represents the grief of the Nepalese inner soul.

Due to the conflict between Maoist supporters and the government, the above expressions have gained validity. The Maoists control several rural areas of Nepal, and the government has been forced to withdraw police and civil servants to the district capitals. Furthermore, the government has dissolved the local bodies, and as a result, the Maoists have developed their mechanisms for operating the community. For example, they are on the way to launching a new education and centralised property system.

On the other hand, the government implements most of the budget to protect the war, not for primary education, health care and other means of development. Due to the lack of democracy, the major donors and agencies have suspended their funding and army support. This meant severely deteriorating security for the civilian population in the countryside. Besides, several relief projects, NGOs and international donor projects have been forced to pull out their workforce in the remote regions, further generating a problematic situation for the civilians.

Internal displacement is another critical issue, where a large number of people are being displaced every day. Some districts are dispatching people, and some receive large numbers of displaced persons. The displaced people initially come to the district headquarters, city or capital (Kathmandu) and later move further on, seeking shelter and refuge. Currently, Kathmandu is crowded by them, who are in movement, demanding to receive internal refuge from the government and the UN.

Rural youth can either involve themselves in the Maoist movement and raise weapons or exit the country to protect their lives. In this way, the rural area is a youth-free zone. They go to India or the Gulf countries to save their lives. For students, their choices are European and American countries for further studies. In these ways, the Nepalese are well-known as serious violators of the constitution, democracy and human rights, instead of the government of Mt. Everest & Lord Gautam Buddha.

The past educates us; it is a bitter fact that those with military power will never give up their authority effortlessly to those who weep for power energy, particularly those who have pushed a nation into confusion and a quantifiable state. At this time, present political leaders are wrong, not political parties. Democratic governments were unsuccessful, not democracy. In this century, we know a single democracy is a hardware; democratic parties are the operating system, and the Nepalese are users of the Constitutional Monarchy System.

The Royal Palace is that which has not only the Army’s power but the most influential power – the moral support of the Nepalese. They respect the king as a live god because the King is the parent of the Nepalese, not a player in politics. They want warm love, not a Governor. But the King is in politics with the support of army power. On his road map, political parties and people’s agendas are hidden, and he doesn’t want to give power to the present political leader. According to the Maoist, “Without political parties’ government, peace talk is a pleasant drama.”

Corruption, unsuccessful government, administrative carelessness, etc., were activities published because of democracy and open media. More than this, a considerable sequence of corruptive practices is operating with the lack of democratic government. We must discover what corruption was committed when Nepal was under a non-democratic government. Corrupted persons must be punished according to the constitutional process, not as the king orders.

It is foolish to hijack democracy on the grounds of some corruption cases. It is confirmed that while democracy was re-established in Nepal in 1990, previous political system stakeholders were trying to demonstrate democracy as an unsuccessful system to show that the King must be in the power of Nepal. In other words, Nepalese have not received actual democracy. To resolve the conflict, we must return to democracy. History observed a new creation is achievable only in peace and continuous peace, where we can address all section communities’ voices equally.

I want to commit once more to some fundamental things. First, we can not compromise democracy, human rights and open media. In the light of democracy, human rights will grow. For example, in the Nepalese media house, the government has done one experiment after the 1st Feb. 2005, where army forces stay for censorship, and public voices are hidden. That decision is not for public rights. In turn, we must develop all types of media as an authentic source for the news and a platform for the people.

We must develop a strong belief in respecting fundamental human rights, peace and democracy. Our idea revolved around strategic thinking, problem-solving and panning agendas under the theme of peace, not putting too much emphasis on temporary conflict solutions. People have to understand that peace is a process in itself. We have to be educated about it.

In the same way, conflict transformation is a procedure rather than a single act. And can apply at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels – at the intra- and inter-personal, group, community, social, cultural, national and state levels, and involves a series of events and approaches. For conflict transformation to be sustainable and effective, it must address all the stories and manifestations of the conflict, including the actual causes which gave rise to the war.

If our leaders fail to guide the moral campaign for honesty and human dignity, if they are unsuccessful in voicing the fundamentally humane essence of politics, the oppressed, the deprived, the humiliated and the dispossessed will have chosen to forget the humaneness of politics, but will use the solidarity it entails for violence. But on the other hand, if politics does not become a component of the solution, it will motivate a feeling of trust and peaceful dialogue, which is essential at various levels. But, first, there must be a dialogue among political leaders; equally important is a dialogue among people, leaders, scholars, and laypeople.

Now, this is a time to talk about all forms of corruption; economic, social, political, and religious. These issues will be prominent in negotiations- an infected mindset will come to the forefront: people will talk about sacrifice for their country, but they expect to sacrifice from the other side only. All the parties will be engaged in power-grabbing strategies rather than dealing with honest and practical issues.

Maoists understand that if democratic forces are marginalised, they can rule for a few years, maybe decades, but we will be in the same chaos. The country will be plunged into a civil war again, trying to throw the Maoists out of power. Political negotiations and power-sharing is just the beginning. The government should be repaired rapidly; otherwise, political peace will mean nothing: “Millions of hungry stomachs can not survive on peace; they need a piece of bread on their plates”.

An energetic civic society is forever needed for leading the people’s movement because a robust civic association is the foundation of democratic development and creates a just and equitable society. In any time of conflict and politics, when political leaders fail, civic society plays the lead role in bringing about a tangible and lasting solution to problems facing the nation and community for the betterment of the future. Nepal, too, is not an exception. Maoists should realise the importance and necessity of peace and stability for their long-lasting identifications.

The main formula for the solution to the conflict is peace. War and human rights can not move each other. Where there is a war, of course, there are violations of human rights. If there are political instabilities, many problems arise in every field of the country. Considering this view, first of all, we must be clear that multi-party democracy and constitutional monarchy are nature’s gifts for Nepal.

Thus, to make a clear view, the King and political party must go hand in hand to solve problems. After finding a common point, they should call the Maoists for peace talks. The Maoists should take part in their agendas with the aid of a mediator from the United Nations (UN). Governments should accept the UN’s proposal for mediation, which serves to restore the Maoist problems and reconstruct the perplexing constitutional exercise and infrastructure damaged during the civil war.

Maoist problems are political and should be solved politically. If there is a doubt about any issues, let’s develop the culture to go to the people for the last decision. Let’s wake up. It’s too late and take it seriously: we have already lost 12,300 lives and ten years because the country has wanted peace and improvement through the wrong means.

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Business

Third International Youth Summer Camp in UK, 2004

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Third International Youth Summer Camp in the UK, 2004

(First published date: 2004)

Summer School Ltd organised the Third International Youth Summer School, which is a non-profit initiative under the collaboration of the Centre for Innovation in Voluntary Action. The program was the cumulative effort of several other organisations: the British Council Wales, Save the Children UK and the United World College of the Atlantic.

The British Council supported participants from certain countries in attending the program. The Summer School was responsible for bringing together active young citizens worldwide to promote international understanding & cooperation & encourage further participation in community development projects. This project was held at Atlantic College in South Wales, UK, from 10 to 17 July 2004.

Atlantic College is located in a beautiful area of South Wales. There is a slope; on the right lies a jungle, and on the left is a small hill where people play and slide down. At the bottom of the slope lies the historic Atlantic Ocean. At the top is a residential area. The classroom buildings are situated below that. As we step down, a garden, park, swimming pool, and two significant football grounds are at the bottom.

Two youth campaigners from Nepal, Mr Subas Darnal and I participated in the program. We were introduced to each other just two days before we left for the UK. I was excited and, at the same time, worried, as this was my first trip to Europe. But my friend Subas was excellent company, so l started to relax. Today the experience was fabulous.

I found out about the program from the internet on a website called Taking It Global. The program’s motto was “Young People Can Change the World”. Groups of young people worldwide were invited to the program: 300 participants from 40 countries participated.

Youth discussed among themselves current issues relevant to them. Their common goal was to contribute to the social, environmental and developmental problems/issues that were faced by their communities, their country, or in a broader sense, the world. The program was built around skills & theme-based workshops and group discussions, all leading to practical group projects. The outcomes from the talks were presented on the event’s final day.

Similarly, the program also served as a forum for youth to explore issues; to build new friendships and collaborations. The program wasn’t all work and no play; there were plenty of opportunities where we had lots of fun. I enjoyed the program as it helped me explore my qualities and skills.

The themes were eclectic, ranging from current issues, games, music, ICT and challenges to international relations and networking. It helped me discover and strengthen my potential in areas I wasn’t aware of. In addition, the summer school was a fantastic cultural exchange among youth with the opportunity to work on ideas.

These events allow young people to build their skills and knowledge through activities encouraging active participation in the outside world. This leads to enhancing their understanding of global citizenship and the qualities of good leadership. Hopefully, these youth will be able to start putting their newly acquired skills into action, and I wish them every success in the future.

Community building is only possible when youth contribute their valuable time, energy and expertise. Community reconstruction is only possible when the child can organise a single forum, interact, network and partner with each other. They should establish themselves as capable human powers of the nation and should develop community leaders. The summer school was part of that, where young people worked for their local community. The organisation acted as a platform to find resources and opportunities at local and international levels.

Principally, this program also aims to provide an opportunity for young people from the UK and many other countries to share their ideas, views and experiences about improving their communities and working towards a better world. Of course, different minds have diverse objectives. In the workshop, I observed the differences among youths. The youth of the developed countries mainly chose culture, movie-making & photography and sports workshops.

In contrast, the child of the developing countries chose human rights, conflict and fundraising-related workshops. I had signed up for the ‘fundraising workshop’. In the workshop, the organiser puts 20 pounds on the table as a cash prize for a person with an excellent proposal to spend the money correctly. “I will implement this 20 pounds for the organisation of a capacity-building project”, one Indian participant expressed her view. A Russian friend drew an image of an older woman and a plan.

One of the African friends displayed some photographs that reflected the very serious livelihood of the people of Africa, pinching the organiser’s heart, and he won 20 pounds. Defiantly, I am still encouraged to fundraise in workshops. We had many things in common, like age, vision, thoughts, a similar daily schedule, problems, identical dress, the same attraction, and an influence for alternatives.

I enjoyed the international night, where we danced with each other and experienced British culture. The exciting parts were an open mic, culture program, fashion show and concert. It still clings in my memory; the Indian girls proposed to dance with them, but my friend, without asking me, said no. Similarly, I missed the chance to perform in the cultural programme because I lost my national dress.

I was involved in different extra curriculum activities as an active participant. For example, we were so crazy about football that we didn’t stop the game even when it rained. I was surprised to find out why my football team always won the game. Notably, I was the representative from the country of Mt. Everest – the highest peak in the world but had only taken wall climbing in summer school in the United Kingdom.

There was a board that stated the danger of swimming in the ocean. It meant we could touch and feel the sea but could not swim in it. However, if we were eager to swim, we could swim in the college’s indoor or outdoor swimming pool. The ocean’s beach was the place where I used to spend time and when I remembered my friends and family.

Ocean, the partner who listens but does not speak, can touch but cannot give a response. It flows in its waves without thinking of what is coming up. You know, I have spent lots of moments just looking at the waves. I saw a ship moving in its smooth motion; I knew it would be in the water for many weeks on its trip. For a few days, while thinking about my work and home, I thought life must have been developing as a journey.

We always don’t like it when it rains. The weather was crazy; we could not tell when it would rain. But, likewise, the college jungle was a lovely place for all the youth to sit and chat. Those seven days developed like a year. On the second day, with a feeling of hesitation, I introduced myself to a girl during breakfast time and shared my interest in her; we had a meal with her that day. After lunch, we had time to browse the net. During that time, we used to fix the activities we would do that day.

We played football where she kicked my leg. “Sorry”, she said to me, not during the football match, but in an email. The evening musical program started that day, and we immensely enjoyed ourselves. Ms Hanna Balshakov, a tall, gorgeous, talkative girl, was with me throughout the program.

After finishing the musical program at 11.00 pm, I still remember that we walked towards the house in the moonlight night on the open sky. Under the open sky, we stayed in a chair, looked at the ocean, and discussed our future. Her face was white. I compared her face to the moon; the moon has freedom of motion, but she had stayed on the chair attached to the earth. That signified that she couldn’t move freely and had much to do. Nevertheless, the moment was pleasing. The sound of the air striking the leaves produced the fragrance of pleasure in the moonlight night.

It was time to return to London on the last day, but she and a few friends had planned to go to Scotland for the 3rd World Youth Congress Pre-Com meeting. I had also wished to go to Scotland, but the program was already fixed, and I had to go elsewhere. We were not able to bear the separation. The departure had made both of us very sad. We had to take separate buses and finally depart. None of the others was in a happy mood. All of us will surely miss the joyous moment. I raised my hands to bid her goodbye. I saw her bus drive into the horizon until I couldn’t see it anymore.

I submitted my 100 words for a summer school competition on the “Best Idea to Change the World” among 300 participants. My idea was considered the best, so I was rewarded 75 pounds by the British Council’s representative. Friends gave me suggestions to create an organisation based on the winning idea; to touch each component of the earth and shake hands for collaboration. I addressed the mass of people working to implement and open an international organisation to deal with ICT, youth and Peace issues.

The organisers, Mr Dayo and Ms Lisa Belfon (Summer School Coordinators), are still in my memory. I had a surprise dinner with Michael, the Centre for Innovation and involuntary action (CIVA) Director, in summer school; I still had to explain my strategy to organise an international youth camp in Nepal.

If there is any person who, after attending this summer school, felt an impact on their life and work in international networking, leadership and organisational management, it’s me. I am sure after summer school, I will have developed all the skills I learned. As a result, I am implementing all the skills and qualities I gained in my organisation.

I appreciated the organiser who provided me with the phenomenal opportunity to talk with the world about the world; dance with them; play with them; swim, cry, laugh, and hug the world – all in 7 days!!! It seemed as though the world was at my feet. Now I am a part of a global community. I have one thing left: I miss you a lot: I remember all of you, my summer school friends, who are in my memory forever. Those who live in the hearts of others never fade away.

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Human Rights

Best idea to change the world

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Best idea to change the world

(First published date: 2006/2007)

We strongly believe in respecting fundamental civil liberty, sustainable peace, development and Democracy. Our initiative should spin around strategic philosophy, trouble-solving, and preparation agendas under the issue of peace, not putting too much stress on temporary conflict solutions. People must realise that peace is a procedure; furthermore, creating and developing something new is possible only in long-lasting peace.

If we have to be educated about it, we can reach to change the world. We should raise awareness for peace, justice and democracy among the world’s people. To develop peace in the world, its residents must be safe and able to trust the government or authority that protects them. In today’s world, where the people in power are so corrupt, and the safety of the citizens is hindered, it isn’t easy to provide peace with a single chance.

When citizens of the world face unfair situations, they are bound to be violent, the nation starts losing signs of peace, and revolution takes place. I think the concept of justice has become more prominent in today’s world, where terrorism is a significant threat countries face. Justice can be best achieved by identifying terrorists and punishing them severely.

Democracy is fundamental for any country to achieve development. Suppose a government cannot be democratic and is always under the rule of a dictatorship or other countries. In that case, the people start feeling like they are losing their fundamental rights, freedom and independence. It can confidently state that no peace can be obtained without justice and democracy. Justice and democracy make development possible.

If the culprits are not punished, the innocent suffer, if people cannot live independently, and if powerful countries start dominating weaker ones, the only possible outcomes can be violence and war. War can create conflict in the world but can not revolutionise the international community. Countries like Iraq can never experience peace until the US retracts its army from their land and lets Iraq gain its democracy back, and when terrorists leave the country and its residents feel they have obtained justice and equality.

So to raise awareness about peace, we must restore the justice system and ensure that innocent people do not suffer and are not dominated. Only after people start feeling that their voices have been heard and there is still truth and justice on the earth will there be a chance for peace to prevail. Well, the present situation is that most countries are spending their funds on manufacturing weapons and are involved in war rather than on education, health care, or other social development issues.

As a result, there are extreme poverty and hunger throughout the world. In every country, certain people are below the poverty line. Therefore, the fund which the government has should be used in such a way that poverty can be eradicated. After poverty is destroyed, only then can a country be developed. So instead of spending only on weapons and wars, the fund has to be equally distributed and paid in all sectors. An individual’s health status depends on the services provided by the country. The health sector is vital and is a priority for everyone. Hence, the nation should uplift the benefit of health care.

We can take the example of Nepal, where health care is minimal. In rural areas, there is no facility for health care. People still go to traditional healers instead of going to doctors. In the village, there are no facilities and no doctors. If the government spends funds on providing facilities, then the health of the citizens would be good. Instead of spending the funds on only one aspect, all the elements should be equally important.

Only when and if the country’s population is educated can the government get skilled human resources. Therefore, quality education should be spread to all parts of the country to every child free of cost. Ignoring other sectors like health, education, transportation, communication, and development, the government should stop buying weapons and focus on other aspects.

The world today has been facing various problems. There should be ways made to solve the present situation. Steps should be taken earlier to stop the problems or let the issues not occur again. The influential people should now re-think how the problems can be eradicated. Hence they should start thinking from the base. The leaders, the officials and the industrialist should now believe from the root. If the basis of a plant is firm, then the plan will be successful. Therefore, plans should be made for development. The leaders are the ones to give direction to the country.

Hence, they should have a clear vision of the country’s citizens’ needs and where the government should be taken. For all these, they should think from the root. According to Dr Martin Luther King, “A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defence than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death.” The amount of funds being spent on weapons is increasing every year. Even though most of the military expenses occurred in the US due to its war on Iraq, there is an even increase in military costs worldwide.

In a developing country such as Nepal, the budget allocated maximum funds for military purposes in 2005. Majorities of the funds spent on military issues are directly related to purchasing more weapons for destruction. The effect of this is the decrease in funding for other issues more critical to society. For example, organisations could benefit much more if the money spent buying weapons was used for education. The state of public schools today around the world is full of crime, and the standard of education has decreased in the past few years.

In developed countries, you can hear a case of children bringing a gun to school and shooting other school children almost every week. Millions of children worldwide are deprived of a normal childhood, struggle to survive, and malnutrition is a severe defects child in developing countries face. Educational institutions need higher education standards; public schools do not have proper funding, so the students in those institutions cannot get a good education.

Water and problem are scarce of droughts in many parts of the country; natural disasters are occurring in every aspect of the world, and billions and billions of people do not even get to eat a healthy meal once a day. But all these social issues are neglected, and most of the nation’s funding is spent on building its military power and buying more weapons daily. Similarly, developing international mechanisms, presser groups for conflict resolution, and respect for human rights are other ways to keep a peaceful world.

There is a lot of injustice happening in the world. It is clearly stated in the United Nations Declaration of human rights that every individual should be treated equally. But there are still many issues which tend to differentiate and treat a group as superior to others. Many people are killed and mistreated due to discrimination, be it religious or racial. Religious discrimination led to thousands of Jews being massacred in the Holocaust. There is a never-stopping conflict in India and Pakistan between Muslims and Hindus.

African Americans are still isolated and looked down upon in the world’s most developed country, the United States of America. People are dying daily in South Asian countries like India and Nepal due to racial discrimination. The rich and the elite always have looked down upon the poor. The poor and the unemployed have always been deprived of the benefits that other people have used. The best solution to stop such conflicts and guarantee that the concept of human rights is followed throughout the world is necessary to develop an international group which can give equality and justice to the world’s citizens.

The UN has initiated this effort to promote human rights. This led to the establishment of the Universal Declaration of human rights by the United Nations in December 1948. The declaration promotes equality and the freedom for every human to live equally. But this declaration must be more vital to enforce all that is stated. The word is old and needs to be updated too. Fewer nations are following the principle of human rights, which has led to conflicts and the suppression of some people.

To resolve these conflicts worldwide and ensure that everyone experiences human rights, it is necessary to develop an international mechanism adopted by all nations. Not only will this group have the power to empower those suppressed and give them their rights, but it will also have the power to punish those violating human rights. This will lead to less conflict because everyone is treated equally, and there is hardly any issue to blame one another. Another significant point is to create a forum for education, peace, advocacy, skills development, etc.

Due to the lack of media, employment and opportunities, the youths need to be more engaged. The forum can help active and encourage the child; moreover, there will be less chance for them to be involved in the conflict. When the youths are employed, then their minds will not be idle. This forum will help in peacebuilding and peacekeeping as well. Skills development programs are a must in today’s world. If rural people are trained in specific skill development programs, they can sustain their livelihood. Forum for advocacy-aware women, and they can get their rights and fight for their rights.

Finally, development is only achieved after getting sustainable peace. And sustainable peace is only obtained after freedom of expression, institutional democracy, equity, justice, liberty, opportunities etc. Besides, low-quality education, health hazard, poverty, and the prevalence of social evil hinder development. People are conscious of human rights and attitudes towards their leaders. Their rights are an alternative cause for the way to change the world.

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Global issues

Globalization and Its Effect on Poverty

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Globalization and its Effect on Poverty

Globalization has helped raise the standard of living for many people worldwide. It has also, however, driven much deeper into poverty. Small businesses and third-world countries cannot update their technology as often as their larger, wealthier counterparts. Unable to compete with multinational and prosperous nations, small companies and third-world governments and forced to do business locally, never growing and reaching their full potential.

Technological advances are made daily throughout the world. However, it is expensive to produce and transport these advances globally rapidly. This high production cost causes the consumer’s price to be unnecessarily high. Today, many countries cannot afford such a high price for the latest technology, and by the time they can afford to pay, newer, more advanced technology exists. The democratisation of technology benefits mainly the wealthier countries.

Technological advances benefit not only wealthy countries but also wealthier companies. Technological advancements allow countries and their companies worldwide publicity when they are successful. Because investors can easily invest on the Internet, on the telephone, and through facsimile machines, companies’ profits have significantly increased. Currency traders worldwide have also been able to update exchange rates and notify the public of the updates more rapidly. This has led to more desire to finalise deals because companies can be sure they receive competitive exchange rates.

Swissair, an airline based in Switzerland, even moved its entire accounting division from Switzerland to India simply because the accountants in India are among the best in the world. They could do this because all the information from their new office halfway around the world was transmitted using technologically advanced devices. The company benefited in two ways labour is cheaper, and the workers are more skilled in India. For the same reasons as in India, Thailand has moved from being primarily a rice-producing nation to the world’s second-largest producer of pickups and trucks.

As far back as the invention of the telephone, the countries with the best economies were the most technologically advanced. The phone’s design by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 allowed information to be sent worldwide considerably more rapidly than ever before. Before the invention of the phone, it might have taken days, weeks, or even months to courier documents worldwide. Today, however, Electronics, a company in Delhi, India, takes doctors’ dictation from a toll-free number in the United States, transcribes the recordings, and sends the text back to a U.S. HMO. With the invention of the telephone and its spread to the world’s wealthier countries also came increased growth in their economies.

The global marketplace is based on a winner take all system. The wealthy, “winning” companies and countries can sell their goods and services worldwide. In contrast, the “losing” poorer countries and businesses are limited to local markets. Massive global markets also incentivise companies and nations to market products internationally. The National Basketball Association, for example, 1998 sold more than five hundred million dollars in licensed merchandise worldwide. The NBA owes this considerable source of income to advances in technology.

However, basketball organisations in other countries that cannot afford to market their organisations globally are forced to sell licensed merchandise only in their countries, substantially lowering potential profits. In the past fifty years, global capitalism has raised the living standards of more people higher and faster than in the previous five hundred years. Increasing the number of “haves” worldwide has also dramatically increased the number of “have-nots”. It has also driven the poor further into poverty, making it increasingly unlikely that they will ever recover.

Globalisation creates tensions between nations and companies, between those with the skills and resources to compete in the global market and those without. When the Internet was first introduced to the public, the wealthier countries could incorporate it into their economies before the poorer countries. The richer countries had already established a stronghold on the Internet by the time the more impoverished countries could buy computers and pay for Internet access. According to one prediction, “by 2001, two hundred sixty-eight million computers will be connected”.

However, the great majority will be purchased and connected to the Internet by people in wealthy countries. Wealthy countries control most world-renowned businesses and services on the Internet. They also hold the registration of domain names on the Internet, forcing developing countries to pay rich countries for the rights to names to create e-companies. The Internet “instantly link[ed] retailers to suppliers”. Through digitisation, voices, sounds, pictures, and documents can be turned into computer bits transferable on the Internet.

Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan even “linked . . . upturn[s] in productivity to massive investments . . . in computers and other technology (Workers). By the time the poorer countries were able to benefit from the use of the Internet, the wealthy countries had only increased their wealth. Technological advances in transportation have also benefited wealthy countries more than emerging countries. As automobiles and aeroplanes spread throughout the world, the poorer countries were forced to use standard horses, buggies, and ships because the price of automobiles and aeroplanes was too high.

This gave the wealthier countries an enormous advantage because a product that previously required months to ship by sea would take days to reach its destination by air and automobile. Businesses in the wealthier countries could also send their executives worldwide to meet with executives from other countries and close their deals while the executives of companies from poorer countries were still on their boats travelling. If a country does not update its transportation industries, international companies will not want to build warehouses and distribution centres within that country.

This, in turn, creates high unemployment rates, driving people further and further into poverty. According to Moore’s law, computing power doubles every eighteen to twenty-four months. This means that only countries that can afford to pay millions every year and a half will have the newest technology. The latest technology many countries can afford is sometimes outdated by years, driving their economies into poverty because they cannot compete with wealthy countries. For the more affluent countries, however, increased computing speed leads to faster transfer of documents.

It also speeds up production because faster machines capable of handling more data are used in factories in wealthier countries. Compression technology has also reduced costs in more affluent countries because disks can hold more information. The amount of data that can be stored on a square inch of the disk has increased by sixty percent every year since 1991. Along with compression technology comes miniaturisation. Because the size of the chips has decreased, so have the size and weight of computers and phones. Since less material is used to make the product, the cost is lower, allowing for more profit.

Advances in computer technology have greatly benefited wealthy countries and hindered developing countries economies. Many foreign companies and governments are using the poverty of other countries to their advantage. Most foreign firms pay their workers more than the country’s national average. However, the workers are often paid considerably lower than the average wage for the company’s home country. Foreign companies are also creating jobs faster than their domestic counterparts, leading to higher poverty levels in the country.

The company’s profits are not invested back into the country where the company is located but instead sent back to the home country. Most foreign businesses also spend heavily on research and development in the country where they are located; however, the benefits of the new, more advanced products are reaped in the home country. Foreign firms also export more than domestic ones, taking with the products, profit and future investment in the country.

Many countries’ economies are growing and expanding at the expense of smaller, poorer countries. Influential governments and businesses are not merely the most technologically advanced. They are also the ones who are constantly seeking to upgrade and improve their existing technology. However, the world’s poorer countries cannot afford to upgrade their technology as often. Nevertheless, countries and businesses must constantly work to increase the speed of transactions, investment, production, and government.

They must also learn to operate their existing software and networks at their full potential before it is updated to maximise efficiency. Low productivity within a country or a company leads to a shared living standard and higher poverty levels. Low productivity within a nation or a company also causes it to be less competitive in the global marketplace. If a company or a country cannot constantly update their goods and technologies, it will not be able to compete globally. Foreign competitors set the standard for the quality and production schedules of goods.

Again, if a company cannot update its factories, it will not be competitive and will have more poverty. The democratisation of finance has helped globalisation flourish. Wealthy countries, however, are reaping the majority of the benefits. While there is more money available for companies to get started, the majority of the profits of the new companies are being invested in wealthy countries. Investments in the United States have gone from one hundred million to nearly three trillion dollars.

While the economy of the United States has developed into one of the most potent, most stable in the world, many third-world countries have been forced deeper into poverty as a result. A contributing factor to the success of globalisation has been the creation of alliances and economic integration. However, the countries most benefit from these alliances are traditionally wealthier. Free trade, customs unions, common markets, and monetary unions are essential to the spread of globalisation; however, they impede the growth of third-world countries not included in the group.

Globalisation, while essential to the success of the global marketplace, has a darker, less visible side. It benefits some third-world countries, most wealthy countries, and large, well-known multinational companies. It, however, causes the economies of many countries and smaller companies to collapse. To promote competition worldwide, globalisation has rendered it impossible for some locally successful companies to transfer their success to the global stage. It has also blocked investments and growth of some poorer, third-world countries. Globalisation decreases poverty in some countries while simultaneously increasing it in others.

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Effects of Computers and the Internet on Society

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

Effects of Computers and the Internet on Society

(First published date: 2006/2007)

Before we know it, technology is going to pass us by. The possibilities are endless with the invention of the computer and the Internet. Society is changing by leaps and bounds, with no chance of a stopping point soon. All this change is dealing with computers and the effects that they will have on the way we live tomorrow. The Internet affects us in every way, notably our social lives, jobs, and entertainment.

Similar to how the electrical engine was the main driver of technical advancement during the Industrial Age, the Internet was the key technology of the Information Age. This vast worldwide network of computer networks, currently mostly built on wireless communication platforms, offers the omnipresent capability of multimodal, interactive communication in selected time, transcending place. The Arpanet, the Internet’s forerunner, was introduced in 1969. Thus it’s not a pretty new invention (Abbate 1999).

However, it wasn’t until the 1990s, when it was privatised and freed from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s oversight, that it spread quickly throughout the world: in 1996, the first survey of Internet users counted about 40 million; in 2013, there were over 2.5 billion, with China having the highest percentage. Additionally, for a while, developing land-based telecommunications infrastructure in emerging nations was a barrier to the proliferation of the Internet. This has altered with the explosion of wireless communication at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

Although there were around 16 million wireless device customers worldwide in 1991, there are now close to 7 billion (on a globe with 7.7 billion people). Humanity has become almost wholly connected today, despite significant bandwidth, efficiency and cost disparities. This is based on the use of mobile phones by families and villages, considering the limited use of these devices by children under five.

Our social lives are not just communicating with telephones and mail anymore. Going “online” is the new way we like to communicate with people. Chat rooms on the Internet are open for people to talk and explore with people who may live on the other side of the world or the other side of the street. E-Mail is also another popular way to correspond with others. Users can electronically send mail to another person with an online mailbox simply by typing in their message and sending it with a button. Two seconds to send an e-mail to someone on the other side of the world is much quicker than a week or more through ordinary mail. The Internet can also affect our jobs.

Computers can calculate and figure out things much quicker than the average person. This process can save not only time but money too. Stock trading, banking, and any other business you could imagine are now on the Internet. The world wants things to be quick and easy. The best answer is to have a computer do it for you. In the future, hundreds of millions of jobs will be taken away from honest, hard-working employees and given to computers. These outcomes will become real no matter what choices we make or what plans we change. Why would a business pay someone to take phone orders when a computer can do it in less time and make it cheaper and more accessible for the company and the buyer?

Computers and the Internet affect how we entertain ourselves. The most basic example is card games. If the computer can deal out cards on a screen with the click of a button, why would anyone want to deal out a deck of cards manually and have to clean them up afterwards? On the Internet, you can gamble with online casinos, place bets on a horse race, or even watch movies. People can do all of these activities in the comfort of their own homes.

No gas money is wasted or time spent driving around to find entertainment, so people are happy. The inevitable outcome of this magnificent invention is going to change the world. Society is pleased with the way things are changing. Cheaper is better; less time-consuming is better. With the choice of having a computer and being online, there is almost nothing you cannot do. This remarkable idea of the Internet will revolutionise how we live in the future.

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ICTs Are the Heart of the Information Society

Sep 15, 2020 Shakti

ICTs are the Heart of the Information Society

(First published date: 2006/2007)

ICTs (Information & Communication Technologies) are an engine for growth. This is the time of information. Contemporary citizens are demanding and want to obtain the required information immediately. With the invention of ICTs, the possibilities are endless and infinite. Its role demonstrates that it has no limitations, and we can’t detect any certain boundaries that may limit ICTs. The role of the ICTs in every segment of society is additionally imperative when civil societies think about encouragement & progress.

Consequently, information is an enormously powerful tool as it genuinely helps explore various factors and aspects of social development without effort. An active and ICT-literate civic society is always required for governing the social movement because a solid civic association is a foundation for developing and creating an equitable information society.

Our actions reflect our achievements. Please don’t make the mistake of talking only about ICTs and their development. It is necessary to discuss and fashion the relationships among all the development structures: economic, social, political and religious. All the development tools must form relationships with ICTs. Likewise, websites are representations of societies all over the world. Hence, if we are slow to implement ICTs in all forms of development, success will remain distant from us. That’s why it should be essential to consider regarding its capacity-building process for all.

ICTs are the key to development. Society is changing by leaps and bounds, with no chance of a stopping point soon. The Internet affects us in every way, notably in our social lives, jobs and entertainment. Our social lives are not just communicating with telephones and mail anymore. Going “online” is the new way we like to share with people. Chat rooms on the Internet are open for people to talk and explore with other people who may live on the other side of the world. E-Mail is also another popular way to correspond with others. Users can electronically send mail to another person with an online mailbox simply by typing in their message and sending it with the click of a button.

Two seconds to send an e-mail to someone on the other side of the world is much quicker than a week or more through ordinary mail as well as Computers can calculate and figure out things much quicker than the average person. This process can save not only time but money too. Stock trading, banking, and any other business you could imagine are now on the Internet. The world wants things to be quick and easy. The best answer is to have a computer do it for you.

Millions of jobs will be taken away from honest, hard-working employees and given to computers. No matter what choices we make or what plans we change. These outcomes are going to become real. Why would a business person pay someone to take phone orders when a computer can do it in less time and make it cheaper and more accessible for the businessman and the buyer?

The inevitable outcome of this magnificent invention is going to change the world. Society may seem glad about the way of changing. Cheaper is better as well as less time-consuming is the best. With the choice of having a computer and being online, there is almost nothing you cannot do. This remarkable idea of ICTs will revolutionise how we live in the future.

Of course, Rome was not built in a day; our society can not be changed overnight. ICTs are not magic or mystery formulas that will solve all our problems. But in no doubt, it will be used intelligently to develop authentic and practical issues and build a society responsive to its needs and demands. Practical experiences with ICTs demonstrate that we can revolutionise the methods of development. With this extraordinary force, ICTs need to be spread throughout society, allowing all peoples equal access to the power of knowledge and making significant benefits accessible for all of civilisation.

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How to Improve Site Speed in WordPress

Sep 3, 2020 Shakti

How to improve site speed in WordPress

How to Improve Site Speed in WordPress? A Content Delivery Network CDN is a valuable technique for improving website speed. In this post, I will show you how you can improve site speed and set up your free self-hosted CDN with the help of the W3 Total Cache plugin. Most bloggers and developers developing a website in WordPress face website loading time issues. Some websites load very fast, and some do not. While developing and optimising my few sites, I found that my websites needed to load correctly due to many JS, CSS, HTML and Static Images issues.

How to improve site speed with self-hosted free CDN in WordPress

I know the same as many new developer-facing these types of problems and looking for free or paid services. Many Paid service providers are available for CDN services, and yes, they are outstanding in performance, like MAXCDN, Cloudfront, etc. However, you can check Cloudflare if your budget is low and you want free CDN service. Cloudflare is a perfect choice for a newbie. But today, I will show you something different about CDN, and It will help you create your content delivery network in your server and improve your website speed within a few seconds. Before this process, could you check your rate in GTMetrix and Pingdom first for better analysis?

Setup Free CDN to Improve Site Speed with W3 Total Cache Plugin

Set up free CDN and Improve site speed in WordPress with the help of the W3 total cache plugin. So First, Install W3 Total Cache Plugin and Follow the steps below to create your CDN.

Install W3 Total Cache Plugin -> General Setting, then Change CDN to Enable and CDN Type to Generic Mirror. Now you can go to CDN Option located in the Performance Tab and make changes, same as the below screenshot. Now we have almost done CDN Setting in W3 Total Cache. But before this final step, we do some settings in cpanel also. Could you open your hosting account or Cpanel and create a new sub-domain? You can assign any name per your requirement, like cdn.yoursite.com, static.yoursite.com etc.

After creating the new sub-domain, make some changes in DNS records. I am using IPage hosting for Techgiks to point this new sub-domain host to my main domain. Click on DNS Tab and point your sub-domain to the central part. But sometimes, there is some manual work in IPage, like moving a file from the main domain to the sub-domain, which is time-consuming but works fine. See the below Image. But If you are using another type of Cpanels like Hostgator and Inmotion Hosting, then Make some changes in the Advance DNS Setting section.

Open Advanced DNS Zone Editor and Select your primary domain. A list of all domains and sub-domain will appear. First, select your newly created sub-domain with or without “WWW“. Next, click on edit and change CNAME to “YOURDOMAIN.com”. That’s it. You have made a sub-domain; the sub-domain points to the main domain. Go to your WordPress admin panel again, open CDN settings in the performance tab, and Click Modify attachment URLs.

A popup will appear and show you the number of posts. Click start, and Now all your Images, CSS, and JS are serving from your new self-hosted CDN. Self-Hosted CDN is free and will improve site speed. Before CDN Techgiks, the loading time was 12 seconds, but it will reduce to 3 seconds after this setup. But make sure your sub-domain should be a cookie-free domain. If this post resolves your issue, share your comments with other viewers.

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